查看完整版本: Y染色体微缺失导致男性不育

Y染色体微缺失导致男性不育

　　湖南省望城县某镇，有一对结婚4年却一直没有怀上孩子的夫妇，最近，为到底是谁的原因而争吵不已。男的怀疑女方有病，女的认为男方没有生育能力。可男的却理直气壮地说，谁说我没有生育能力，“床上功夫”我一直表现得很棒，不可能没有生育能力。

　　后来，夫妇双双来到湖南省现代优生技术重点实验室检查，结果女方一切正常；男方作精液常规检查时显微镜下根本看不到精子，是典型的无精症患者。接着，医务人员又作

了Y染色体微缺失的分子检查，证实男方的Y染色体上的单拷贝基因DAZ和多拷贝基因RBM家族片段微缺失，导致生精障碍。

　　“床上功夫好，不一定生育功能就好，这是两回事。生育所表现的是繁育下一代的能力，如男方无精或少精就有很大可能不育。如男方不育，不妨查查Y染色体。”湖南省现代优生技术重点实验室主任、研究员倪斌博士说。

　　Y染色体到底是怎么一回事？它在夫妻生育中它扮演什么角色？5月28日，记者和倪斌博士聊起了这个话题。倪斌博士说，Y染色体向世人透露的信息除了生男生女的秘密外，还有男性不育诸多方面的资讯。

　　众所周知，染色体是遗传物质的载体，存在于分裂间期细胞的细胞核内。人的染色体有23对、46条，其中22对叫常染色体，男性与女性的常染色体都是一样的；余下的一对叫性染色体，男女不一样，男性的这对性染色体由一个X染色体和一个Y染色体组成，为XY，女性的则由两条相同的X染色体组成，为XX。在精子形成过程中，生殖细胞经过了减数分裂，细胞核内的染色体包括常染色体和性染色体都一分为二，所以一个精子已不再含有23对染色体，而只含有23条染色体了，这时有一半精子带有X性染色体，称为X精子；另一半精子则带有Y性染色体，称为Y精子。

　　据湖南省现代优生技术重点实验室提供的一份材料显示：有90%的男性不育症是由生精障碍引起，临床上表现为无精子症或少精子症。在不明原因的无精子症或少精子症患者中，约有15%的人表现为Y染色体长臂上的微小缺失，这些缺失又被称为无精子因子。

　　由于男方的原因，夫妻间不能正常通过性生活受孕，就只好借助“辅助生育技术”来完成繁育下一代的任务。倪斌博士介绍说，辅助生育技术，确切的名称为卵浆内单精子注射技术，这种技术的应用确实给无精子症或少精子症患者带来生育的希望，但使用时如果不进行相关基因检查，可能会把带有相关基因缺失的精子注射到卵子中去，将来若发育为男孩的话，长大以后也可能成为无精子症或少精子症患者。这样，就会给后代带来新的烦恼和不幸。要避免这种情况，对不明原因的无精子症或少精子症患者就要进行基因检查，尤其是无精子因子检查。

　　无精子因子检查不仅可以明确病因，避免进行睾丸活检等创伤性检查，或者一些无效的治疗，更主要的是可以避免将有缺陷的基因遗传给下一代。目前，国内上海、广州、长沙等地部分医疗机构已开展这项工作。

　　那么，Y染色体检查适应哪些临床需要呢？倪博士指出，无精子因子的微缺失是无精子和严重少精子男子常见的基因改变之一，目前已知无精子因子微缺失主要分布在Y染色体长臂近、中、远3个重叠区域，分别称为AZFa、AZFb、AZFc。无精子因子在临床检测中有如下几个方面的用途：一是无精子因子微缺失的位点与精液类型的关系。比如生殖功能障碍者，AZFa和AZFb上的缺失时，患者出现无精子症的几率要比严重少精子要大。二是无精子因子微缺失既可以表现为特发性不育，也可以表现为隐睾。隐睾和睾丸下降不全是最常见的男性分化异常，由于腹部温度较高，常伴有精子生成障碍和睾丸癌的高发性，而AZF微缺失能造成生殖细胞发育过程中某一阶段的中止，并以某种特征性的睾丸病变形式表现出来。如性反转综合症：46，XX男性的主要临床表现有睾丸发育不良，隐睾，阴茎有尿道下裂，精子少或无精子。三是精索静脉曲张患者无精子因子微缺失发生率与特发性严重睾丸病变发生率相近。对于这类病人进行AZF微缺失筛查，既可以帮助诊断又可以避免试图提高静脉曲张患者精子数量的无谓治疗如外科手术等。

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[size=2]The curvaceous blonde poker pro who recently appeared in a Playboy pictorial talks about her other gaming passion [url=http://veryge.com/][b][font=黑体]WOW Gold[/font][/b][/url][/size]
[size=2][b]June 11, 2008[/b] - Fantasy is a word that is instantly familiar to anyone who visits RPG Vault on a regular basis. We've seen and used it countless times, so often that its meaning has become deeply ingrained. We understand automatically that it refers to a specific category of fiction, one the vast majority of us has probably appreciated for years. Indeed, it's a pretty safe assumption that we deliberately seek out opportunities to explore the highly imaginative worlds where our favorite books, movies and, of course, video games take place. We go to them to escape the mundane tasks and routines of our daily lives by participating in grueling quests and sweeping adventures that fire our imaginations. They allow us to see and investigate wondrous settings filled with intriguing characters to meet, exotic creatures to befriend, powerful villains to defeat, and much more.


A gamer since she was a child [b][i][color=#990000]Jennifer "Jennicide" Leigh[/color][/i][/b] definitely appreciates this kind of fantasy. Earlier this year, she learned firsthand about another, the male type, when she appeared in Playboy magazine. Her pictorial feature came about as the result of playing poker for a living, which is something else quite a few men daydream about. Sometime during the past year or so, it came to our attention that she's quite an avid World of Warcraft player. We thought it would be interesting to ask about her avocation, so we set out on our own little quest to contact her. A few weeks ago, we succeeded not only in doing that, but also in obtaining agreement to answer our questions. As you can see, she was gracious enough to respond with a considerable amount of interesting information and opinions.


[b]Jonric: Where are you from, what's your background, and how did you first become interested in video games?

Jennifer Leigh:[/b] I'm originally from Wilmington, Delaware...although currently, I travel around and call poker rooms and nightclubs everywhere home. I attended the University of Delaware, focusing on political science, philosophy and psychology, and thinking about law school. I never completed a degree because I'm a person who enjoys reading and studying without feeling pressured to do so. Growing up, I played a lot of educational video games. They certainly helped my creativity and enthusiasm to learn since I disliked waking up and putting on my private school uniform every day.
[indent][size=+1][b][i]the worst beat is going on a date with a guy, [/i][/b][url=http://goleveling.com/][size=2]World of Warcraft gold[/size][/url] [b][i]and the conversation is only about cards. I probably don't come back for seconds; I like diversity for sure.[/i][/b][/size][/indent]Gaming has always been a big part of my life; my dad introduced me to Zelda, Dragon Warrior, Final Fantasy and even Maniac Mansion when I was about three years old. I loved my Barbies, but definitely preferred my video games.

[b]Jonric: Do you prefer particular genres? Are there any you tend to avoid? Which massively multiplayer titles have you played?[/b]
[b]Jennifer Leigh:[/b] I love most games today. My least favorite type is first-person shooters. I played a bit of Counter-Strike and Unreal Championship, but it's best for me to stay away from them. They bring out the bad girl in me too much. I prefer role-playing and fantasy. I play a lot on DS and PSP because they're okay in airports and on planes. I just picked up Phantom Hourglass for the DS, so I'll be getting into that soon.

World of Warcraft is the only MMOG I've played recently. The Realm, EverQuest and Guild Wars are others I played earlier. When I have down time in between poker, photo shoots and traveling, I'm definitely getting some play in.

[b]Jonric: How did you become a professional poker player, what do you regard as your main accomplishments so far, and do you prefer tournaments or cash games?

Jennifer Leigh:[/b] I'm very competitive, and started playing poker [url=http://veryge.com/][size=2][b]Buy WOW Gold[/b][/size][/url]
online at the age 21 because I was getting tired of challenging people on Yahoo at pool, chess and spades. Being a broke college student, I began at very small stakes. I never really sat down and thought about playing professionally, but stopped attending my classes because of my late night poker games. I was making a decent amount of money, and started traveling the tournament circuit.

My main accomplishments don't involve money or trophies, but rather being an attractive female in a male-dominated industry. I'm confident the wins and awards will come. My greatest strength is certainly having a natural instinct and competitive drive... although sometimes, my over-competitiveness can get the best of me.

I have no preference between live and online poker, except the latter lets me sit around in a t-shirt I woke up in, get up from my computer whenever I want, and blast loud music in the background. Playing live, it's sometimes difficult concentrating and staying still. I play both tournaments and cash games.

[b]Jonric: With the World Series of Poker under way, how many tournaments do you plan to play? How important is this event for you?
Jennifer Leigh:[/b] I don't have a set schedule as to which tournaments I'll play. If I win one early on, I may enter them all. If I run poorly, I'll probably play fewer so I can still have a sense of sanity when the WSOP is over. There are so many events that running badly for the entire series can be pretty hard to handle emotionally.

Everyone makes the WSOP out to be the most important time for a poker player, but I believe there's much more life. I sometimes look back and see how I never learned to balance my life. My first WSOP experience was much like that. I played in over 15 tournaments, [url=http://goleveling.com/][b][font=黑体][size=2]cheap WoW gold[/size][/font][/b][/url] with only one significant finish, and busted out of five with pocket aces. Being sucked out on in tournaments is incredibly brutal, but having it happen to you that many times in a month or so, when the buy-ins are over $1,000 each, is even worse. But the worst beat is going on a date with a guy, and the conversation is only about cards. I probably don't come back for seconds; I like diversity for sure.


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[size=2]The curvaceous blonde poker pro who recently appeared in a Playboy pictorial talks about her other gaming passion [url=http://veryge.com/][b][font=黑体]WOW Gold[/font][/b][/url][/size]
[size=2][b]June 11, 2008[/b] - Fantasy is a word that is instantly familiar to anyone who visits RPG Vault on a regular basis. We've seen and used it countless times, so often that its meaning has become deeply ingrained. We understand automatically that it refers to a specific category of fiction, one the vast majority of us has probably appreciated for years. Indeed, it's a pretty safe assumption that we deliberately seek out opportunities to explore the highly imaginative worlds where our favorite books, movies and, of course, video games take place. We go to them to escape the mundane tasks and routines of our daily lives by participating in grueling quests and sweeping adventures that fire our imaginations. They allow us to see and investigate wondrous settings filled with intriguing characters to meet, exotic creatures to befriend, powerful villains to defeat, and much more.


A gamer since she was a child [b][i][color=#990000]Jennifer "Jennicide" Leigh[/color][/i][/b] definitely appreciates this kind of fantasy. Earlier this year, she learned firsthand about another, the male type, when she appeared in Playboy magazine. Her pictorial feature came about as the result of playing poker for a living, which is something else quite a few men daydream about. Sometime during the past year or so, it came to our attention that she's quite an avid World of Warcraft player. We thought it would be interesting to ask about her avocation, so we set out on our own little quest to contact her. A few weeks ago, we succeeded not only in doing that, but also in obtaining agreement to answer our questions. As you can see, she was gracious enough to respond with a considerable amount of interesting information and opinions.


[b]Jonric: Where are you from, what's your background, and how did you first become interested in video games?

Jennifer Leigh:[/b] I'm originally from Wilmington, Delaware...although currently, I travel around and call poker rooms and nightclubs everywhere home. I attended the University of Delaware, focusing on political science, philosophy and psychology, and thinking about law school. I never completed a degree because I'm a person who enjoys reading and studying without feeling pressured to do so. Growing up, I played a lot of educational video games. They certainly helped my creativity and enthusiasm to learn since I disliked waking up and putting on my private school uniform every day.
[indent][size=+1][b][i]the worst beat is going on a date with a guy, [/i][/b][url=http://goleveling.com/][size=2]World of Warcraft gold[/size][/url] [b][i]and the conversation is only about cards. I probably don't come back for seconds; I like diversity for sure.[/i][/b][/size][/indent]Gaming has always been a big part of my life; my dad introduced me to Zelda, Dragon Warrior, Final Fantasy and even Maniac Mansion when I was about three years old. I loved my Barbies, but definitely preferred my video games.

[b]Jonric: Do you prefer particular genres? Are there any you tend to avoid? Which massively multiplayer titles have you played?[/b]
[b]Jennifer Leigh:[/b] I love most games today. My least favorite type is first-person shooters. I played a bit of Counter-Strike and Unreal Championship, but it's best for me to stay away from them. They bring out the bad girl in me too much. I prefer role-playing and fantasy. I play a lot on DS and PSP because they're okay in airports and on planes. I just picked up Phantom Hourglass for the DS, so I'll be getting into that soon.

World of Warcraft is the only MMOG I've played recently. The Realm, EverQuest and Guild Wars are others I played earlier. When I have down time in between poker, photo shoots and traveling, I'm definitely getting some play in.

[b]Jonric: How did you become a professional poker player, what do you regard as your main accomplishments so far, and do you prefer tournaments or cash games?

Jennifer Leigh:[/b] I'm very competitive, and started playing poker [url=http://veryge.com/][size=2][b]Buy WOW Gold[/b][/size][/url]
online at the age 21 because I was getting tired of challenging people on Yahoo at pool, chess and spades. Being a broke college student, I began at very small stakes. I never really sat down and thought about playing professionally, but stopped attending my classes because of my late night poker games. I was making a decent amount of money, and started traveling the tournament circuit.

My main accomplishments don't involve money or trophies, but rather being an attractive female in a male-dominated industry. I'm confident the wins and awards will come. My greatest strength is certainly having a natural instinct and competitive drive... although sometimes, my over-competitiveness can get the best of me.

I have no preference between live and online poker, except the latter lets me sit around in a t-shirt I woke up in, get up from my computer whenever I want, and blast loud music in the background. Playing live, it's sometimes difficult concentrating and staying still. I play both tournaments and cash games.

[b]Jonric: With the World Series of Poker under way, how many tournaments do you plan to play? How important is this event for you?
Jennifer Leigh:[/b] I don't have a set schedule as to which tournaments I'll play. If I win one early on, I may enter them all. If I run poorly, I'll probably play fewer so I can still have a sense of sanity when the WSOP is over. There are so many events that running badly for the entire series can be pretty hard to handle emotionally.

Everyone makes the WSOP out to be the most important time for a poker player, but I believe there's much more life. I sometimes look back and see how I never learned to balance my life. My first WSOP experience was much like that. I played in over 15 tournaments, [url=http://goleveling.com/][b][font=黑体][size=2]cheap WoW gold[/size][/font][/b][/url] with only one significant finish, and busted out of five with pocket aces. Being sucked out on in tournaments is incredibly brutal, but having it happen to you that many times in a month or so, when the buy-ins are over $1,000 each, is even worse. But the worst beat is going on a date with a guy, and the conversation is only about cards. I probably don't come back for seconds; I like diversity for sure.


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